(United States Ninth Circuit) – Affirmed the approval of a consumer class action settlement in a case where Volkswagen entered into the $10-billion settlement with a class of consumers after the automaker admitted that it had installed devices in certain 2009 – 2015 diesel model diesel cars for the purpose of cheating on U.S. emissions tests. The Ninth Circuit held that the district court did not abuse its discretion in certifying a settlement class or approving the settlement as fair and adequate.